It seems hard to believe that the London Olympics were 4 years ago. At the moment, the UK is 3rd in the medal tables, which is very good.
Preparing for the Olympics takes hours and hours of dedication and very hard work. To all Olympians from any country my thanks and best wishes. There is no place for cheats. For those who perform at their personal very best, my praise. Thank you.
We will blink and it will be time for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
13 Aug 2016
Rally
Sunday 14 AUGUST : FLIGHT REFUELLING ARS HAMFEST
Cobham Sports and Social Club Ground, Merley, Nr Wimborne, Dorset BH21 3DA. The venue has car parking on site and camping is available (Saturday night only in adjacent field). Talk-in will be provided on S22. Gates open at 10am and admission is £3.50. There will be trade stands, a car boot sale and indoor and field pitches for traders. Lectures will take place during the day. A licensed bar and catering facilities are on site. More details from Tony Baker, G3PFM on 0774 347 5018 or by email to hamfest@frars.org.uk. www.frars.org.uk.
A list of rallies can be found at http://rsgb.org/main/news/
My usual warning: contact the organisers to confirm arrangements before going any distance.
Cobham Sports and Social Club Ground, Merley, Nr Wimborne, Dorset BH21 3DA. The venue has car parking on site and camping is available (Saturday night only in adjacent field). Talk-in will be provided on S22. Gates open at 10am and admission is £3.50. There will be trade stands, a car boot sale and indoor and field pitches for traders. Lectures will take place during the day. A licensed bar and catering facilities are on site. More details from Tony Baker, G3PFM on 0774 347 5018 or by email to hamfest@frars.org.uk. www.frars.org.uk.
A list of rallies can be found at http://rsgb.org/main/news/
My usual warning: contact the organisers to confirm arrangements before going any distance.
6m JT65 Es
On 6m JT65 there is again Es about with spots from Southern Europe already. I shall re-sync everything shortly and re-start up the 10m WSPR beacon, although there were plenty of Es spots this morning on 10m WSPR.
Sunspots and 10m - Sat Aug 13th 2016
Solar flux is 91 today. Sunspot number is 86 (K=2) and the forecast for 10m F2 propagation remains "poor".
12 Aug 2016
Blickling Hall, North Norfolk - NOT amateur radio
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| Oriental Plane Tree? |
6m inter-G
It is interesting that so far this morning I have had 7 reports of my QRP JT65 6m signals from UK stations whereas when I tried the same mode on 10m a few days ago I got none.
There seems to be much more activity on 6m JT65 than 10m JT65. This is true of more distant stations too. I am sending "B G3XBM JO02" when not looking for 2-way QSOs. Spots get picked up and sent to PSKreporter which is where I check for spots of my signal and spots made by me of others. Of course, I check the shack regularly and look on the PC screen to check all is OK.
There seems to be much more activity on 6m JT65 than 10m JT65. This is true of more distant stations too. I am sending "B G3XBM JO02" when not looking for 2-way QSOs. Spots get picked up and sent to PSKreporter which is where I check for spots of my signal and spots made by me of others. Of course, I check the shack regularly and look on the PC screen to check all is OK.
Sunspots and 10m - Friday August 12th 2016
Solar flux is 93 today and sunspot number 82. K=4. The forecast for 10m F2 propagation remains "poor". Luckily there is Es about.
QST article
A couple of people who see QST magazine have told me that my article on a 472kHz transverter appeared in the September 2016 edition. I have not seen this as I don't get QST. Although I was sent a draft for corrections, I've not seen the final version. There was some doubt about it appearing as the ARRL were waiting and waiting for the band to be allocated in the USA.
The article was written years ago (2013?) before I was ill with my stroke. Anyway, I hope those who get QST will be inspired to have a go on this fascinating band. Although the transverter puts out 10-15W, my ERP on the band was in the low milliwatts. Despite this, I have been copied over 1000km on WSPR with just an earth-electrode antenna. With a "proper" antenna for the band and a decent ground it should be easily possible to exceed 2000km.
The article was written years ago (2013?) before I was ill with my stroke. Anyway, I hope those who get QST will be inspired to have a go on this fascinating band. Although the transverter puts out 10-15W, my ERP on the band was in the low milliwatts. Despite this, I have been copied over 1000km on WSPR with just an earth-electrode antenna. With a "proper" antenna for the band and a decent ground it should be easily possible to exceed 2000km.
Early Es on 6m JT65 and 10m WSPR
I was active on 6m JT65 overnight and on 10m WSPR since just before 0700z. There are already lots of Es spots on 6m. 10m WSPR has spots from Germany and Denmark. A good start.
11 Aug 2016
QRT on 10m, but still on 6m JT65
In the last hour I have gone QRT on 10m WSPR but I am still on 6m JT65. There is still a possibility of some 6m spots. I also took the opportunity to re-sync the PC to internet time. This should happen automatically every 1000 seconds but I do it on occasions "just in case".
UPDATE 2148z: Several G spots on 6m JT65 in recent minutes.
UPDATE 2148z: Several G spots on 6m JT65 in recent minutes.
Bee (at Anglesey Abbey) - NOT amateur radio
We saw plenty of bees.
BREXIT - NOT amateur radio
It is still too early to tell how this is going to pan out.
The euro, yen and dollar exchange rates have moved in favour of UK exporters and making imports from these nations more expensive.
I have the feeling that the euro will collapse in value in the next 18 months as the remaining EU nations wake up to Greek debt (there is no way they can repay this) and the likelihood of the Greeks defaulting and leaving the EU. This would really hit Germany. In the end I think the UK will be fine. The UK was a net contributor to the EU and we voted to leave. This puts an even greater burden on the richer EU members.
It would not surprise me if we had a snap General Election here in the UK, especially if the Labour party commits self-imposed suicide and splits in two. Our current Prime Minister, Teresa May, did not vote for Brexit and neither did any in my family. If a General Election was to be called then the Conservative Party is likely to get a huge majority.
I am currently reading a book on the history of Europe 1789-1989. I had little idea how the borders and alliances changed so much in the 1800s. Clearly Europe is still evolving.
The euro, yen and dollar exchange rates have moved in favour of UK exporters and making imports from these nations more expensive.
I have the feeling that the euro will collapse in value in the next 18 months as the remaining EU nations wake up to Greek debt (there is no way they can repay this) and the likelihood of the Greeks defaulting and leaving the EU. This would really hit Germany. In the end I think the UK will be fine. The UK was a net contributor to the EU and we voted to leave. This puts an even greater burden on the richer EU members.
It would not surprise me if we had a snap General Election here in the UK, especially if the Labour party commits self-imposed suicide and splits in two. Our current Prime Minister, Teresa May, did not vote for Brexit and neither did any in my family. If a General Election was to be called then the Conservative Party is likely to get a huge majority.
I am currently reading a book on the history of Europe 1789-1989. I had little idea how the borders and alliances changed so much in the 1800s. Clearly Europe is still evolving.
Big Masts
Southgate News carries the story from Stroud of an amateur who has applied for planning permission to erect a 13.5m high mast. Some of the neighbours have lodged complaints. Now, each to his own but I certainly would not like an antenna monster in next door's garden.
Having managed to span the globe with small wire antennas you can barely see and with QRP SSB I question whether such large structures are really needed. Each to their own and at least he has done the application through the formal channels.
All I am saying is this is not how I would want to enjoy our hobby. I appreciate this is a personal choice and each of us is different.
Basically I am not a great believer in "cheque book amateur radio". Some choose to spend £10k plus on rigs, linears, masts, beams and rotators. Not me. If one just wants to talk (and by video) around the world all one needs is a £180 laptop with Skype. I well recall the video conferences with my son on the other side of the planet - it was just like he was next door, and all for free with a PC.
Having managed to span the globe with small wire antennas you can barely see and with QRP SSB I question whether such large structures are really needed. Each to their own and at least he has done the application through the formal channels.
All I am saying is this is not how I would want to enjoy our hobby. I appreciate this is a personal choice and each of us is different.
Basically I am not a great believer in "cheque book amateur radio". Some choose to spend £10k plus on rigs, linears, masts, beams and rotators. Not me. If one just wants to talk (and by video) around the world all one needs is a £180 laptop with Skype. I well recall the video conferences with my son on the other side of the planet - it was just like he was next door, and all for free with a PC.
Return to 6m JT65 and 10m WSPR
This morning, early, I reverted to 10m WSPR and 6m JT65. There was early Es on both bands. On 6m JT65 there is more G activity as I am getting spots on 6m whereas I was copied by no Gs on 10m JT65. Best DX spot so far on 6m JT65 is EA7HJ (1833km) in southern Spain who got my QRP very strongly.
UPDATE 1538z: Best DX on 6m JT65 RX is EA8AQV (2988km).
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| Early 10m WSPR spots (500mW) |
Sunspots and 10m - Thursday Aug 11th 2016
Solar flux is 93 today and the sunspot number 69. K=2. The 10m F2 propagation forecast remains "poor".
10 Aug 2016
Excellent Es on 10m
The Es on 10m was excellent this evening. G3WKW (Bob, an old work colleague) tells me that 6m was open to the USA yesterday. Just my luck to decide to be on 10m! So, I shall definitely be on 6m JT65 tomorrow and 10m WSPR at the same time.
UPDATE 2006z: Yet again, I was spotted in South America on 10m this time by ZP4KFX (10277km) by JT65. He is in Paraguay.
UPDATE 2006z: Yet again, I was spotted in South America on 10m this time by ZP4KFX (10277km) by JT65. He is in Paraguay.
PW Datacard, and AM
My Sept 2016 edition of Practical Wireless arrived today in the post. In it, was a data-card showing the HF beacons and on the reverse the latest HF band plans. Although I do not blame PW who just reproduced the band plans for our convenience I am again appalled that AM gets no mention apart from 5MHz.
BTW, am I alone in finding the 5MHz channels totally confusing?
For as long as I can remember just above 29MHz has been the home of 10m AM. Most users use old AM rigs and they sound superb. FM, with wider bandwidths, gets a mention, but not poor old AM. On 10m there is plenty of space for all modes. Why, oh why, does AM get treated like a nasty disease?? As 10m becomes more like a VHF band for much of the year there is a place for AM. Even in the best years, there is space. For much of the next 10 years 10m will be seen by many as a wasteland.
As readers will know, I like narrow-band digital modes like WSPR, JT65 and JT9-1. I also like AM which takes less space than FM, but is treated badly today.
BTW, am I alone in finding the 5MHz channels totally confusing?
For as long as I can remember just above 29MHz has been the home of 10m AM. Most users use old AM rigs and they sound superb. FM, with wider bandwidths, gets a mention, but not poor old AM. On 10m there is plenty of space for all modes. Why, oh why, does AM get treated like a nasty disease?? As 10m becomes more like a VHF band for much of the year there is a place for AM. Even in the best years, there is space. For much of the next 10 years 10m will be seen by many as a wasteland.
As readers will know, I like narrow-band digital modes like WSPR, JT65 and JT9-1. I also like AM which takes less space than FM, but is treated badly today.
More success on the ULF 101km (2.97kHz) band
Today I heard that Stefan DK7FC's 100nW ERP signal on 2.97kHz VLF was received in a 212uHz bandwidth at 16.8km. He will soon be trying to receive this radiated signal at 30km. I wish him every success.
Hi ULF friends,
This is the summary of my portable RX experiment in 16.8 km distance to my transmit site. It is into the far field of the 101 km RF wave.
A 100 nW ERP signal was sent and recorded for nearly 2 days.
The recording was started on Saturday, 30th of July (14:58 UTC) and was finished on Monday, 01st of August (12:25 UTC). The transmission was a carrier sent on 2970.000 Hz, it was shifted by +2.5 mHz at 8 UTC on Sunday and again shifted by -5 mHz on Monday, 8 UTC.
In the post processing of nearly 30 GB wav files the signal was successfully detected.
Due to the exceptionally high QRN levels (even for the summer time), the SNR was lower than expected, however the traces and frequency shifts are clearly visible.
Spectrogram of the signal in 212 uHz FFT bin width: https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/19882028/ULF/17km212.jpg
Spectrogram of the signal in 47 uHz FFT bin width: https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/19882028/ULF/17km47.jpg
A wideband spectrogram giving an idea about the natural and man made noise conditions as well as the frequency response of the tuned loop antenna: https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/19882028/ULF/17kmwide. jpg
Wideband spectrogram zoomed to the spectrum of interest: https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/19882028/ULF/17kmwide3. jpg
The best SNR shown is 12 dB in 212 uHz and 17 dB in 47 uHz.
During the post-processing procedure it happened that SpecLab has plotted a few pixel twice. I don't know the reason.
It looks like i am now seeing the natural background noise on 2970 Hz even in quiet periods (the faint vertical traces). However the man made noise is still playing a role in this QTH.
Further informations can be found in the older emails below.
73, Stefan
PS: A next experiment is planned in a few weeks. The goal is 30 km distance. With lower QRN levels, a better tuned antenna and higher power (already running!) this should give even better results.
Tokyo Ham Fair
I wonder if we will see any new products at the Tokyo Ham Fair on August 20/21st? My ideal rig would be a QRP version of the IC7300 but available in Europe. I know they make versions with lower power for Japan only.
Rally
Friday 12 AUGUST : 23rd ANNUAL MINI-RALLY NIGHT
Community Centre, Main Hall, Port Seton, East Lothian EH32 0BQ. Bring along your own 'junk' and sell it yourself. Tables on a first come first served basis. Entrance fee £2 for everyone. Refreshments will be available. Doors open from 6pm to 9pm. The venue has disabled access.
A list of rallies can be found at http://rsgb.org/main/news/
Remember to contact the organisers to check details if travelling far. I'm sorry but there was no phone number given.
Community Centre, Main Hall, Port Seton, East Lothian EH32 0BQ. Bring along your own 'junk' and sell it yourself. Tables on a first come first served basis. Entrance fee £2 for everyone. Refreshments will be available. Doors open from 6pm to 9pm. The venue has disabled access.
A list of rallies can be found at http://rsgb.org/main/news/
Remember to contact the organisers to check details if travelling far. I'm sorry but there was no phone number given.
Early 10m Es
At the moment I remain on 10m JT65 but may return to 10m WSPR and 6m JT65 tomorrow. This morning there was early Es on 10m with my signal spotted in Germany 4 hours ago.
UPDATE 1248z: No shortage of 10m Es spots today on JT65 with my QRP being widely copied across southern Europe.
UPDATE 1248z: No shortage of 10m Es spots today on JT65 with my QRP being widely copied across southern Europe.
GQRP SPRAT
As I have said many times before, if I had to give up every other amateur radio magazine I would leave GQRP SPRAT. At £6 for 4 issues a year it remains excellent. It is filled with constructional articles in every issue. If you are a member you can get all the back issues on a DVD at a very good price. It is almost worth joining GQRP just to buy this DVD. To non-members it is £12 plus postage. I can promise you will not be disappointed with GQRP Club membership.
See http://www.gqrp.com/sprat.htm .
See http://www.gqrp.com/sprat.htm .
Sunspots and 10m - Wed August 10th 2016
Solar flux is 94 today and sunspot number is 72. K=3. Yet again the 10m F2 propagation remains "poor".
9 Aug 2016
70cm UKAC contest
Last Tuesday I was away so I was unable to enter the 2m UKAC activity contest as usual. Tonight was the 70cm leg so I went on for a few minutes using 5W to the 2m halo. I only worked one station G4FEV in IO92RG. A few more stations were heard but not worked.
Swifts going? - NOT amateur radio
I am sure there are swifts still around but there are fewer than a few weeks ago. Just weeks ago there were more than 20 overhead. Let us hope I see their return in the spring. To me, the screaming swifts are the making of an English spring and summer.
This year there were fewer swallows and house martins, but I saw plenty of swifts.
See http://www.rspb.org.uk/discoverandenjoynature/discoverandlearn/birdguide/name/s/swift/ .
Spotted in Brazil and Paraguay on 10m JT65
My QRP 10m JT65 has been spotted in Paraguay and Brazil this evening. Last night I spotted S.America but tonight it was my turn to be copied. The most distant report was by ZP4KFX (10277km) some 90 minutes ago.
UPDATE 2012z: Copied LU3VCC (12470km) in western Argentina as the best DX on 10m JT65 this evening.
UPDATE 2026z: In all 9 South Americans were spotted on 10m JT65 this evening.
UPDATE 2012z: Copied LU3VCC (12470km) in western Argentina as the best DX on 10m JT65 this evening.
UPDATE 2026z: In all 9 South Americans were spotted on 10m JT65 this evening.
Back on 6m JT65 tomorrow?
There seems to be more JT65 on 6m than 10m. As there is still Es about, I may return to 6m tomorrow. I can operate on 10m WSPR and 6m JT65 at the same time but if I want to use 10m JT65 I have to use the FT817 and PC. For 10m WSPR I can use the stand-alone WSPR beacon leaving the FT817 and PC for 6m JT65 use.
Alibris - NOT amateur radio
Yet again, I had an offer from Alibris today. Every week , I usually get an offer of some kind, usually 10-20% off. This lot are a joke.
Early 10m Es
As you may recall, I moved from WSPR to JT65 on 10m yesterday for a change. This morning there was early Es with spots from France and Germany. In theory, JT65 is a little bit worse than WSPR but I think there are more people internationally than on WSPR. With the highish sunspot number it is possible I will be spotted in South America later.
UPDATE 0944z: Just been spotted by EA3ZE (1189km) in NE Spain on 10m JT65.
UPDATE 0944z: Just been spotted by EA3ZE (1189km) in NE Spain on 10m JT65.
Sunspots and 10m - Tuesday August 9th 2016
Solar flux is 95 today and sunspot number is a respectable 91. K=3. Yet again the 10m F2 propagation remains "poor".
8 Aug 2016
QRP and QRP Club
More from Oleg:
Dear Club 72 members and friends,
QRP Rendez-Vous weekly report (August 1 to 7, 2016)
Visitors of the week: UR0ET, US5ERQ, UR7VT, US3EN, OH6NPV, UR5EFD, RN6AN, RV3GM, OM6TC, SM7RYR, DF6ZX, IZ0AYM, ON4FI, DL3HXX, DK7ZH, DL7MA, TF/RA1M, G3XJS, UA1CEG/p, R2FAE, IK7XW, SM7ZDI, G4MLW, RU3NJC, RV3DSA/0, F5IN, UA1ADF, DL1BAT, F6BZG/p, G4HOM, IZ7AVY, OH6TX, ON7FR, RW4C, ON6KZ, G4PSI, UT8NR, G0HIO, F5PLR
ON7FR became Honor Frequenters of "rendezvous" round table - Congrats!!!
See full Visitors and Frequenters lists also "rendezvous" schedule - www.club72.su
Enjoy full weekly report with soapbox and pictures - http://qrp-club72.blogspot.ru/
72! Oleg RV3GM / KH6OB "Mr. 72"
Dear Club 72 members and friends,
QRP Rendez-Vous weekly report (August 1 to 7, 2016)
Visitors of the week: UR0ET, US5ERQ, UR7VT, US3EN, OH6NPV, UR5EFD, RN6AN, RV3GM, OM6TC, SM7RYR, DF6ZX, IZ0AYM, ON4FI, DL3HXX, DK7ZH, DL7MA, TF/RA1M, G3XJS, UA1CEG/p, R2FAE, IK7XW, SM7ZDI, G4MLW, RU3NJC, RV3DSA/0, F5IN, UA1ADF, DL1BAT, F6BZG/p, G4HOM, IZ7AVY, OH6TX, ON7FR, RW4C, ON6KZ, G4PSI, UT8NR, G0HIO, F5PLR
ON7FR became Honor Frequenters of "rendezvous" round table - Congrats!!!
See full Visitors and Frequenters lists also "rendezvous" schedule - www.club72.su
Enjoy full weekly report with soapbox and pictures - http://qrp-club72.blogspot.ru/
72! Oleg RV3GM / KH6OB "Mr. 72"
Sunspots and 10m - Monday August 8th 2016
Solar flux is 96 today. Sunspot count is 63 today (K=2). The forecast for 10m F2 propagation remains "poor".
10m JT65
As an experiment, I have moved to JT65 on 10m today. I was getting JT65 spots on 6m until just before QSYing about 40 minutes ago including some night-time Es. As yet, nothing reported on 10m JT. I think my antenna is not as good on 10m as my vertical V2000 is on 6m, but the cable loss is lower.I suspect my ERP on 10m is a bit lower.
UPDATE 1325z: Although my 10m JT65 has been received in southern Europe by 10m Es, I have had fewer spots than on 6m. There could be several reasons. Firstly the antenna may not be as efficient and the ERP may be far less than on 6m. Secondly, Es may be reducing in quantity now we are getting later in the season. Thirdly, there could be fewer people monitoring on 10m JT65 than on 6m JT65. I expect it is a combination of all three.
UPDATE 1726z: A couple of South Americas spotted on 10m JT65. Best DX so far is PY5EJ (9889km). So far, my own signals have not been spotted in South America. This may have been Es but I suspect it was either F2 or a combination of Es and F2. As this is a N-S path there could be equatorial spread-F involved. I am no propagation expert, so I welcome inputs from others who have better knowledge.
UPDATE 2016z: With just 6 Es spots on 10m JT65 all day and not a single spot from any G stations, I suspect there are fewer stations on 10m JT65 than 6m JT65. The bonus was a couple of spots of South Americans although the day passed (so far at least) without my own 10m JT65 signal being spotted outside Europe. I shall be on 10m JT65 again tomorrow.
UPDATE 1325z: Although my 10m JT65 has been received in southern Europe by 10m Es, I have had fewer spots than on 6m. There could be several reasons. Firstly the antenna may not be as efficient and the ERP may be far less than on 6m. Secondly, Es may be reducing in quantity now we are getting later in the season. Thirdly, there could be fewer people monitoring on 10m JT65 than on 6m JT65. I expect it is a combination of all three.
UPDATE 1726z: A couple of South Americas spotted on 10m JT65. Best DX so far is PY5EJ (9889km). So far, my own signals have not been spotted in South America. This may have been Es but I suspect it was either F2 or a combination of Es and F2. As this is a N-S path there could be equatorial spread-F involved. I am no propagation expert, so I welcome inputs from others who have better knowledge.
UPDATE 2016z: With just 6 Es spots on 10m JT65 all day and not a single spot from any G stations, I suspect there are fewer stations on 10m JT65 than 6m JT65. The bonus was a couple of spots of South Americans although the day passed (so far at least) without my own 10m JT65 signal being spotted outside Europe. I shall be on 10m JT65 again tomorrow.
7 Aug 2016
Southgate News reports on 4m in Australia
Yesterday Southgate News reported that the WIA (Australia's national society) had expressed an interest in 4m. There is a possibility this could happen too as this part of the spectrum is being used less in Australia as it is in the UK.
It looks increasingly possible that 4m could become a major band across the world. 4m seems better than 6m in many ways and of course the IC7300 covers 4m in Europe.
It looks increasingly possible that 4m could become a major band across the world. 4m seems better than 6m in many ways and of course the IC7300 covers 4m in Europe.
6m JT65 and a switch to 10m JT65 soon?
 |
| Today's 6m JT65 results |
Es on 10m WSPR and 6m JT65
Both 10m and 6m have already shown plenty of Es with spots from Hungary and Austria of my 500mW WSPR beacon on 10m and several spots of my 1W ERP JT65 on 6m. So, it looks like there is still plenty of Es around.
The peak Es season (northern hemisphere) is May, June, July although there are spots to be had at any time of year, in reduced numbers as long as there is activity. I have had QRP 6m SSB contacts well into September. There tends to be a smaller peak (don't ask me why) around December and January.
Weak signal modes like JT and WSPR allow people to be on these bands at quiet times. Hopefully use of weak signal modes will allow some of these brief openings to be caught. It would be much harder with SSB or CW.
The peak Es season (northern hemisphere) is May, June, July although there are spots to be had at any time of year, in reduced numbers as long as there is activity. I have had QRP 6m SSB contacts well into September. There tends to be a smaller peak (don't ask me why) around December and January.
Weak signal modes like JT and WSPR allow people to be on these bands at quiet times. Hopefully use of weak signal modes will allow some of these brief openings to be caught. It would be much harder with SSB or CW.
Sunspots and 10m - Sunday August 7th 2016
Solar flux is 83 today and the sunspot number 33. K=2. The forecast for 10m F2 propagation remains "poor".
Africa (at last) on 6m JT65
CN8YZ (2233km) in Morocco was just spotted on 6m JT65. Remarkably, this is the first station in Africa that I have copied all summer. In past seasons, I regularly worked stations in North Africa with QRP SSB.
UPDATE 1204z: At last a spot from 4X1RF (3518km) on 6m JT65 from Israel. This the second time I've been received in Israel this summer on 6m JT65 but the first time by 4X1RF.
UPDATE 1204z: At last a spot from 4X1RF (3518km) on 6m JT65 from Israel. This the second time I've been received in Israel this summer on 6m JT65 but the first time by 4X1RF.
6 Aug 2016
Chordal hop Es?
I am still seeing plenty of 6m Es but very little long distance Es. I am of the view that these (or some) long Es paths are some sort of chordal hop propagation and not the "conventional wisdom" of multi-hop Es. Today there has been good Es on 6m to southern Europe,but nothing further. In the past I have received much further and been seen in Israel earlier in the Es season on 6m JT65.
Siamese banana? - NOT amateur radio
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